From
http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/sexua...entation,2.htmlMost theories fall into one of two categories: psycho-social dynamic or biological, sometimes simplified as elements in the nurture vs. nature debate.
Psychodynamic theories attempt to explain development of a person's sexual orientation in terms of internal mental processes, and the interaction of these with reward and punishment. Examples of these include Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Ira Reiss's socialization theory. The latter holds that the greater the rigidity of gender role in male-dominant societies, the higher the likelihood of male homosexual behavior. This is so, Reiss argued, because the rigidity of the gender role could lead a male child who did not conform to find conformity with other nonconformists, that is, male homosexuals.
In the last decade, increasing numbers have turned to biological theories, explaining sexual orientation in terms of biological phenomena such as brain circuitry, hormones, genes, and evolution. The brain, for example, is said to be influenced by prenatal hormones. Fetuses whose brains are exposed to high levels of androgens during prenatal development will be sexually attracted to women in adult life, while those exposed to low levels will be attracted to men. Brain researchers have looked at biological markers, such as the human hypothalamus, to test such conditioning.
Others have looked at bodily difference such as fingerprints or finger length to determine the influence of prenatal hormones. Other physiological and anatomical features have also been examined, but all of the theories proposed so far have limitations, some more serious than others. Since homosexuality is thought by many to run in families, there has also been an effort to look at genetic influence, and while some researchers have found what they think is documentation of this, there generally has been a failure to replicate the findings.
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The author of this article has argued that so far there are too many variables involved to come up with any definitive answers. Probably biological, psychological, and social dynamics are all involved, and there are too many variables to reach any final conclusions. As far as classifying any individual, sexual orientation seems best left up to the individual to define for himself or herself.
Vern L. Bulloug